Method and machine for stuffing food products into casings



April 13, 1965 Y J.-A. MAHoNEY METHOD ANDAMACHINE FOR STUFFING FOOD PRODUCTS INTO CASINGS vl 1 foi mm n ITM m m @E m mm W., mA.. t 0 N f H m 2 April 13, 1965 J. A. MAHONEY 3,177,525

METHOD AND MAHINE FOR STUFFING FOOD PRODUCTS INTO CASINGS Filed April 17, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 4 n/'54 83 8 JOHN A. MAHONEY 3,177,525 METHOD AND MACHINE FOR STUFFING F001) PRGDUCTS INTO CASINGS .lohn A. Mahoney, East Aurora, N .Y., assignor, by mesne n assignments, to Liberty National Bank and Trust Company, Buffalo, N.Y.

Filed Apr. 17, 1963, Ser. No. 273,778 17 Claims. (Cl. 1'7-35) This invention relates to a method and machine for stuing material under pressure into casings, and more particularly to a machine for stuing food emulsions, such as sausage meat and the like, into a skin or Simila envelope.

Heretofore, when a casing has had to be filled with a slurry or emulsion the common practice has been to pump the fluid material into the casing. In manufacturing sausage, for instance, it has heretofore been customary to pump a ground meat emulsion under pressure into empty skin or casing until the meat fills and becomes compacted within the casing.

There are several disadvantages to this prior method of stuing sausage casings. A pump may have a deleterious effect on the food emulsion as it passes through the pump casing. The moving elements Within the pump tend to smear the product. Furthermore, a pump tends to grind up any large pieces which may be present in the emulsion. This is objectionable in cases where it is desired to stuff a sausage skin with a mixture of meat and, for instance, olives or the like. The pump tends to cut up the olives into small particles. Moreover, pumps tend also to produce objectionable air bubbles in the food emulsion. Such bubbles are likely to prevent the food casing from being fully packed. Then, too, a pump is ditiicult to clean.

An object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus for forcing an emulsion into a hollow casing.

A further object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus for stuing exible casings with food emulsions from a food source which is maintained under constant pressure.

Another object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus of the type described which will eliminate need for pumping a food emulsion into a casing and thereby obviate grinding up any of the ingredients suspended in the emulsion.

A further object of this invention is to provide apparatus of the type described which will remove air pockets from a food emulsion prior to its being stuffed into a food casing.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved apparatus adaptable to ll various kinds of tubular casings with emulsions or materials in semi-liquid state.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter from the specification, and from the recital of the Vappended claims, particularly when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: FIG. l is a side elevation of a machine made in ac cordance with one embodiment of this invention, part of the machine being broken away;

' FIG. 2 is av fragmentary sectional view of this machine taken along the line 2-2 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows, but on a reduced scale;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3 3 in FIG. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows;

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the compressed air system employed to operate this machine; and I FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of one type of electrical circuit which may be employed to control the operation of this machine.

l United States Patent O ice Referring now to the drawings by numerals of reference, 10 denotes a compartmented hopper comprising a top compartment or bin 11, a middle compartment 12, and a bottom compartment 13.

The top compartment 11 has an outside cylindrical Wall 14, and an inverted truncated conical wall 15, which is integral at its upper end with the upper edge of wall 14, and which acts as a funnel. Funnel portion 15 is welded at its lower end to a ring 16 which provides a seat for a conventional check valve 17.

The middle compartment 12 comprises an annulus 18 which has an outside diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the outer wall 14 of the top compartment 11. Secured to the outer peripheral surface of annulus 18 intermediate the top and bottom thereof and projecting radially outwardly therefrom, is an external ring ilange 19. Welded at its upper end to the inner surface of the annulus 18, is an inverted, truncated conical funnel portion 2i). At its lower end the funnel portion 20 is welded to a ring 21 which provides a seatfor a conventional check valve 22.

The bottom compartment 13 comprises a cylindrical wall 23 equal in diameter to wall 14; and an inverted, truncated conical funnel portion 24.

The bottom compartment 13 is supported on `three vertically disposed, angularly spaced legs 26 (only two of which are shown in FIG. l), which are secured at their upper ends to the exterior of wall 24. The middle compartment 12 is removably positioned in the bottom compartment 13 with its ange 19 resting on the upper edge of wall 23. Welded to and surrounding the wall 23 adjacent the upper end thereof is a metal locking ring 27 which projects axially upwardly beyond annulus 18 in radially spaced relation thereto. The ring 27 is formed with a plurality of equiangularly spaced, inwardly-projecting lugs 28. Beneath the lugs 28 the locking ring 27 is formed with an internal upwardly-facing shoulder 29. Tin shoulder 29, defines with the undersurfaces of lugs 28 and internal groove 30. The top compartment 11 has a plurality of radially outwardly projecting lugs 31 welded to it. The lugs 31 are equal in number to the lugs 28. The top compartment is removably secured to the middle compartment 12 by passing the lugs 31 down through the spaces 32 between adjacent lugs 28 of ring 27, and turning top compartment 11 slightly about its axis. Lugs 28 are undercut as denoted at 33 (FIG. 3); and the top surfaces 34 of lugs 31 slant downwardly inwardly at an angle matching the undercut of lugs 28 so that when lugs 31 are engaged under lugs 28 the top compartment is locked in position preventing disassembly of the compartments. To remove top compartment 11 from middle compartment 12, the top compartment need only be rotated until its lugs 31 register with the spaces 32 between lugs 28 of locking ring 27, and then lifted. Middle compartment 12 can then be lifted off bottom compartment 13.

O-rings 35 and 36 (FIG. 3) which seat in annular recesses in the outer peripheral surface of the annulus 18 above and below the tiange 19, and engage the inner surfaces of walls 14 and 23, seal the annulus 18 relative to the top and middle compartments. The top compartment 11 thus forms` an open hopper beneath which are disposed two superposed, airtight compartments 12 and 13.

Secured at one end in the open, lower end of wall 24 of bottom compartment 13 is a discharge pipe or conduit 41. Pipe 41 passes outwardly from beneath bottom the hopperlt) and has securedr thereon a stuftingyalve 45 forVV controlling the flow of material from hopperi10.

Valve 45 is controlled by a manually operable handle 46,

and the outer or discharge.v end of the valve is-connectedVV to a tubular stem 47v over whichk the'openenda llexible` Y Y drives compressor 52 'i s con r 1ecltednby wire 94 to lineeLd, Y 'andfby a wire 95, and a normally open relay switch 96-1,

and ay wire 97 to line L3. The coil 96 ofthe relay which i'operates the relay switch 96-1 is connectedin parallel with skin ,or casing 48 is adapted toj be positioned forkstufiing,V

as shown bythe broken lines in FIG. 1.

To control the ilowof ran emulsion through hopper 10, v an electrically, controlled compressed Y air system is con-4 'f nectedjtol Vhopper 10fas shown schematicallyV in FI GS;.4A

rand .5j. V Referring tirst'tojFIG. 4, fa compressor 52 has its outputjside lconnfected by a pipe V53 to a'valve 54 which motor 152by`rneansof a lwire199,fandby awre 101, the

normally-closed pressure switch "82,-awirer 102, the `nor--y I nallyclosed'V contacts 87-1 of pressure vswitch 87, and a wire 103; rA wire 100,which extends between the' wires 95 'and 102, operatively' connects the-motor' A1 52'to the power supply,throughswitch contacts87f-1.`

`The solenoid`166' forgoperating valve-'66 is connected by wire 104 tolineL4'V and bywire 105, a normally closed is operated by a solenoid`154. AWhen the solenoid `15,4 'is deenergized,the Vvalve `5 4,"as illustratedVV by arrow 55, is

in'.its.,lowerriiostposition so the' compressed air from compressor k52 will`pas`s' throughivalve 54, a pipe 56, a i

Vcheck valve 57, and a pipe 58 tothe sealed bottom compartrnent 13 in hopper 10. However, when the solenoid' 1'54fis` energized, thevalve 5 4 shifts to its uppermost posi tion so thecor'npressed'` air from the compressor will pass relayYsiivitcli".1 06-1,V a wire 107," anormally open relay Yswitch 96'-,Z,1which`is `'responsive to the relay coil 96, a

4wire 108, the 'normallyopen contacts 87-2 of pressure The solenoid,175 for` operating valve 75 is connected by wire 111 to line A' parallel with the solenoid 166'." AThe coil 113 for a time th'rough;valvevi54 and a pipe 61 to`a further valve i62 1 which is'.` controlled by solenoidx162. When the solenoid 1 62`is' de energized the valve 62 is in the position indicated tr'63. However, by means of'an electrical circuittobe describedbelow, ,thevs'olenoid 162 at this time is energized so that'valve.` 62 is moved from its1lower position shown in FG 4to its upper position so that the compressed air delayrelay isfconnected by a wir`e1v1'4, Vto line 'L4 and by wires '115, 116'to wire '107. YThe solenoids 154 and 162 for operating valves 54 and 62,*respectively, and the coil l 106 for a time relay coil, which operates the relay switch in pipe 61 may pass through valve 62 and through a y further pipe 64 to the middle compartment v 12' in hopper .ifheiinput side of compressor 521is connected a `pip e 465 to another valve66 which is operatedV by a solenoid 1,66, and which is capable of connecting theinput side ofY thecompressor'to two'different sources. Valve 66=when in .the position denoted at Y67, which is'when'the solenoid.

1661. isl deenergized, is disposed sothat the .input side of thefcompressor. is connected throughpipe 65, valve 66 and afrther pipe 68 to a fresh'air supplyindicated-by 'thewarrowoi Alternatively, when rthe solenoid 166 is energized, the solenoids 154 and Y162 Vand :controlling Y valves 54 and 62 'are deenergized, as will be described in more detail below, so that,the' input side fof thecom pressor 5 2 is then connectedthrough pipe 65, valve 66 in itsY upper position, pipe 71, a conventionalcheckvalve 7 2, afpipe 73, valve 6 2 and pipe 64 to the middle compartf' 'ment 12in hopper 10. At this time also,"theoutpu t side ofcompressor 52 isconnected through pipe l53, valve 5 4 in its lower position shown, pipe 56, andv a pipe 74ito' further-valve 7 5, whichris controlled by a solenoid 175.

'I he solenoid 175 is at thisptimevenergized so that the Yalve 75, which'is illustrated inFIGi 4 at 76 in `its upper or closed position, `is moved' downwardly to open valve'` 10o-Lam connected inparallel'withV one another' between line L4 and Va wire 118 which is adapted to be connected to wire' 116pby acnormally open-switch 113-1 which is responsive to 'the time delay relay'operatedby'coil 113'. A rfurther, rnanually-operated push button'switch 117, which'may be mounted .on panelv 91 asfsjhownin FIG. 1`, is'connected'between'line L3' and wire 108 Afor a purpose to1 bedescribed below.

' In Yoperatioilfameat emulsion or the liker of a generally! iluid consistencylis dumped or fed'into the binl-liat'the top of hopper .10. At 'the start, fthe' compartments 12 and 13,which vform.ausealedhousing below bin 11, are

rat approxiinatelyatmospheric pressure; the valves 17 and 22 are closed; andthe solenoids operating valves 54, 62,

- 66, and 75 arevdeenergized soY that Vthese valves are inthe kpositions indicatedby the, arrows 55, 63, 67 and 76', Yresp.ective1y,`in FIG. 4. i Switch' 93 (FIGS. 1 and 5) is then turned to its"OnY positionV thereby energizing the compressor: motor 152 Ythrough the I'io'rmally closed switch 87%1.l {At thisftimethe relay coil 96 is energizedy through switch v82,1,the'reby closing Vthe .associated relay switches Y 96-1 and. 95- 2,1both of which rare held in a closed position as long theircontrolling relayY coil-96 is energized. W1thswitch96-1vclosed a circuitis made to the corn- Vpressor'motorV 152, and a hold-in circuit is made` to relay coil96. through the now-closed switch 96-1, wire 100, and

,'75 so :thatairfromthe outputfside ofv compressor 52 may .Y 1

beexhausted to 'atmosphere as indicatedby arrow 77.

controlling the 4 pressure in compartment 1 2, pipe 64y is connected through a pipe 81 to pressure operated switch will bedescribed in more detail below.- Conv. Y n ecte'dto pipe ,.81 by a lfurther pipe 83 isa combination pressure and vacuum 'gauge 84,V for recording the pressure ,c

in compartment 1 2. Also eonneeted bya pipe 85f'to'pipey6'0 1 81i's'a safet'ylorpopl valve 86 which limits. the maxirnum e maybe Vgenerated in compartmentk 'allowable' pressure that A vjsecc'iiid pressure switch 87 is conn'eeted byf-arpipe 88 with pipel `V58 to ct'nnmunicateY with the compartment 13 in also arefconete'd .tliro'iigh pipe 88" with this 'compartA tv Asshownin-FIG. 11,'the `gauges'84 and 89'l maybe nounted on a panel 9`1 which i's secured iii a convenientfm place vonthe outside of hopperV 10,.

Referring now, te thevviring4r diagf'amjn FIG. 5*,1L1 and L2 desigate the terminals'of a voltage supply which, upon 'the Vnormallyclosed, svt/ itch 82j, `so that the coil 96 (and hence thej ,motor`1 52), remainsfenergized, even when Y switch 87'1'subsequently is `opened bythe increased pres- Previously fdesihed, the` pressure switch. 82 ,is at this timejclosed, 'motor`l1i52 andrelay coil 9 6 remain energized, andnthelrelayY switch A-96--2 rennainsfclofsed'so thatr a cirthe dosing, of the off-on'swimhis (F1os. 1 and 5)l is V 'connected to the lines L3 and L4. The motor152, which closed switch arm l8752, wire 108, nowl closed V,switch armV 96-2, wire'.10"7", the normally-olosed'relayswitchf106-1 wire' 105, solenoid A166 andewire `1 04'tofliney L4. Circuits are also .completedat this time from wire through Vwire112, solenoid` 4|lindfwire 111,1to line L4; and

from wireV 10t7gthrough wires V1i16ai'ldf1'v15, the .relay and 175 energized .the valves 66and'75`are shifted away from the positions indicated by the respective arrows 67 and 76 in iFIG. 4 so that the fresh air supply 69 is cut off from the intake side of compressor 52, and the Latter is connected instead by pipe 65, valve 66, pipe 71, check valve 72, pipe 73, valve 62, and pipe 64 to the middle compartment 12 in hopper 10. This switching of the valves 66 and 75 therefore subjects compartment 12 to vacuum so that air passes therefrom into the input side of compressor 52 rand is exhausted from the latter through pipe 53, valve 54, pipe 56, pipe 74, and valve 75 to the atmosphere as indicated by the arrow 77. At this time check valve 57 prevents the compressed air in compartment 13 from leaking back .through pipe 58 to the valve 75 which is at the time exhausting to atmosphere.

As the Vacuum in fcomparment 12 increases toward a m-aximum of say Hg, the normally-closed valve 17 is forced downwardly relative to its position as illustrated in FIG. 1 as a result of the Iatmospheric pressure exerted upon the emulsion disposed in bin 11, thereby opening valve 17 so that the emulsion in bin 11 is drawn downwardly into compartment .12.

During the period of time in which the emulsion is being drawn into compartment 12, the time delay relay 113 is energized, as above described, and is operative, after a predetermined period of time to cause relay switch arm 113-1 to close. 'Ihe closing of switch arms 113-1 simultaneously energizes the solenoids 154 and 162, and therelay coil 106. This immediately causes the valves 54 and 62 to be moved to their upper positions from the positions denoted at 55 and 63y in FIG. 4, land also opens the normallyclosed relay switch arm 106-1 .to deenergiz/e solenoids 166 and 175 so that the valves 66 and 75 return to the positions illustrated in FIG. 4. The compressor motor 152 is at this time still running so that compressed air from .the compressor 52 passes through pipe 53, valve 54, pipe 61, valve 62, and pipe 64 to compartment `12. The latter is at this time sealed, the valve 17 having automatically returned to its closed position upon the termination of the vacuum in compartment 12; and the pressure in compartment 13 is at this time at approximately 125 lbs. per square inch so that valve 22 is held firmly in its closed position. Also at this time the valve 66 has returned to its lower position 67 (FIG. 4) so that air is once again drawn into compressor 52 from the fresh air inlet 69.

As the compressor continues to operate, the pressure in compartment 12 builds up to exceed the pressure in compartment 13, lthe differential causing valve 22 to be forced downwardly to permit the emulsion to flow trom compartment 12 into compartment 13. Pressure switch 82 will have been adjusted to open at a pressure slightly above the pressure of 125 pounds per square inch in compartment 13. When the pressure in compartment 12 causes switch 82 to open, the circuit to the relay coil 96 is interrupted so that the switches 96-1 and 96-2 return to their `normally open positions, thereby breaking the circuit to the compressor motor 152, the relay coils 113 and 106, and the solenoids 154 and 162.

p After the pressure in compartment 12 drops below say 135 pounds per square inch gauge, the pressure switch 82 will once again return to its normally closed position, but the relay coil -96 will not 'again be energized until the pressure in compartment 13 dro-ps low enough (below say 125 pounds per square inch gauge) topermit switch arms 87-1 and 87-2 to return to their normally closed V once again raising the pressure in compartment 13 to say 125 pounds per square inch and thereafter subjecting compartment 12 to a vacuum as above described.

If it is desired to dnaw in more material from bin 11, the operator need only push the manually operable pushbutton 117, thereby bypassing the normally open switch 87-2. The advantage of the push-button switch 117 is that it permits semi-automatic lling of the compartment 13 with an emulsion rather than relying solely upon the automatic cycle of the machine for such filling. For instance, when compartment 13 is first being filled, or when emulsion is being rapidly exhausted therefrom through the stuffing valve 45, the quantity of emulsion which is drawn into compartment 13 during each cycle of the machine operation will be dependent upon the length of time it takes for switch 113-1 to close after the energization of its relay 113. Assuming that relay 113 is set so that it permits only a partial filling of compartment 13 each time it is energized, it would take a considerable amount of time to completely fill compartment 13. On the other hand with p-ush-button 117 it is possible to repeat the loading of emulsion from compartment 12 to compartment 13 without having to wait upon the closure of switch 87-2.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that I have developed a machine which performs the dual function of removing undesirable air pockets rfrom a food emulsion or the like, and thereafter forcing the emulsion under a constant pressure into an envelope or container. Not only does the feeding of the emulsion under constant pressure tend to eliminate the formation of undesirable air pockets in the emulsion after it has been packed in the envelope, but also, particularly in the case of stuiing mea-t emulsions into saus-age skins or the like, it tends to pack the meat emulsion uniformly into the skin so that the completed sausage has a nearly constant density. Moreover, unlike prior pump operated apparatus applicants machine is easy to clean.

While this invention has been described as being particularly adaptable for the stuffing of a fluid food product such as meat emulsion or the like into a exible casing, it is to be understood the invention is usable also in feeding other materials into envelopes or containers. For instance, mortar, cement, or plastics etc. can be fed through hopper 141 and stuffed into a form or mold of desired configuration.

While the invention has been described, then, in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification, and this application is intended tocover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to Ithe essential features hereinbefore set forth, and as fall within the scope of the invention or the limits of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. Apparatus for stufling a liuid material into a hollow casing, comprising (a) a hopper having a bin into which fluid material is dumped, and at least two chambers,

(b) a irst normally closed check valve in said hopper vadapted to communicate with a supply of iiuid ma* terial in said bin and operable, when open, to admit said material to one of said two chambers,

(c) a second normally closed check valve in said hopper operable, when open, for admitting said material fromsaidone chamber to the other of said chambers,

(d) a manually Voperable valve associated with said hopper, to control the flow of said material from said Y other chamber to the interior of the casing which is to be stuffed,

(e) means operable intermittently for maintaining the pressure in said other chamber above the pressure of the iiuid material in said bin,

(f) means operable intermittently for lowering the pressure in said one cham-ben below-the' pressure of the I Y duid-material inl said bin to open said first valverfor a;

i predetermined period of'ztinie thereby to draw saidr 1 material vfrom said bin into;said one chamber,

Y v(g)means operable intermittently, when said rstvalve is closed, for raising the pressure insaid one 'cham- Y ber aboveA the pressure inv said otherY chamberfto Vopen said second valve therebyto forcesaid material 4from said one chamber into saidv other chamber, and (h) meansfto actuate successively the first-named means, said pressure lowering" means, and then Vsaid pressure raising means when the pressure in said other chamber falls below .apr'edetermined value.'

2. Apparatus asl claimed in claim l wherein said actuating means comprises an electricalY circuit includ-ing (a) afist"'switch operablefautomatically to actuate theV operation of` saidl pressure raising means, Whenthe pressure in said one chamber .reaches a predeter- Y mined value above the pressure inV ysaid other charnberLf-f 'f '1.5 3. Apparatus'asdened infclaim 2 a further switch which ismanually operable successively to actuate'said pressure lowering and then .pressure raising means' independently of s aid'lrst switch,

. '.4. Apparatusfor stuing lfluidr'naterial into a hollow casing, 'comprising (a) Va hopper having a bin into Vwhich'fluid material iS dumped,

i v said bin, Y n

(b) normallyclos'ed pressure operated valve meansin said hopper operable selectively toconnect one of and at least two'chambersdisposed below said chambers to a supply Vof fluid material in ,saidV bin' and tothe other ofsaidchambers, respectively, (c) means connected to said vchambers and loperable f Y.

Y e3 sides, respectively,of said compressor, .therebytirst to reduce j and then increase vthe pressure in said. one ,Y chamber to Vsaidvalues below thejpressure in said bin #and above the pressure in said other chamber, respec` l tive1y.-'j i 6. lApparatus Vas defined in claim 5 wherein said valves are electrically operated,-;and, said controlmeans comprises f Y Y (a) an electrical circuit having a plurality of switches vr-for controlling Vthe. operation Vof saidvalves,v f s, (b) at least one ofisaid switches being operative auto- Y -matically to cause said valves to disconnect saidother chamberl from theL output-side of said compressor, Vwhenthe pressurerin s aid otherfchamberhas `eir. ceeded said predetermined value, and` A f (c) other-ofr'said switches being operative automatically to cause said valves toconnect said one chamber successively to `said input and output'sides, respectively, of said compressor, whenV said other chamber is dis- L Vconnectedtrom said outputl sideY of said compressor. 7. Apparatus as defined inl claim 6 wherein saidk circuit includes a` further switch manually operable. independently ot said one switch lto disconnect said other chamber from said outputk sidefofsaid compressor before thepres# sure in said o ther chamber has reached said predetermined value; i Y 5 l 8. Apparatus asdeined in claim whereinsaidfother Y switches include Y Y" (a) agirst fswitch operative after a predetermined VVperiod oftime to cause said Valves to' switch the connection of saidY one chamber from theinput to the outputY side of-"saidcompressor,Y and i (b) aA second'switch operativeV to cause said valves to disconnect said onefchamber from'said compressor when the pressure in said one chamber has reached -a-further predetermined' value above the value of the pressure infs'aidl other chamber. Y Y Y 9; Apparatus for stuffing fluid material into a hollow f casing', comprising' intermittently to change the pressure in said onecham- Y v ber and to maintain thepressure inl said other chamber above the pressure in said bin,

Y (d) controlfmeans for the last-named means operative,

whenthe pressure in said other chamber-reaches. a

predetermined value'above the pressure in Vsaid. bin, automatically to cause Asaid last-named means successively to reduce the pressure in saidone chamber toY a value belowthe pressure in said bin, and then to increase the pressure in said one chamber to a 1 value greater than the pressure in said otherchamber,

(e) Ysaid valve means being operative, when the "pres- Vsure in',A said 'one chamberis belowthe pressure in Y said bin, to connect said one. chamber to said vbin thereby to admit 'saidvmaterial to said onechamber, and operative, when the vpressurein said one chamv titlV beris'fgreaterthan the pressureiin` said other chamber,

tov connect therlatter' to Asaid onechamberethereby:

Vcausing said material in said. one chamber. to be" forced undenpressure into'said other chamber, and Y in V.said other chamber-and operable to control .the

interior'of theA casing which isV to be stuffed.

r (f) 'furthervalve meansconnectedto'a dischargeV port 5.1 Apparatus as 'definedjiii V'claim 4 wherein'Y said` `last named means comprises (a) a compressor', and j ,1.

(b) a pluralityfof v alves operable selectively to connect vsaid other chamber tol the output side ofV said compressor, .when the pressure in said other chamber falls below said predetermined value, andy to connect f saidone chamber'siccessively to they input and output-, Y

` ((1)1 a hopper having `a Ysupplybin 'and two chambers positioned-beneath said bin, j f

(b) a compressed air system connected to; said cham'- bers and-fh'aving a plurality of electrically operated valves lfor controlling the flow of compressed air in said system,

operation of said valves, and including (d) at least onel switch operative upon being moved to oneV position tojcause said-'valves 4to direct the ow of air in; said system `to create a vacuum in one ofr saidgchambers,

(e) a pressure-operated valve mounted' in said hopper and" operative to place'saidy one chamberincom- L J' im'unicationwith a supply: of lfluid material in said binr uponk thefcreation of .said vacuum thereby to j` draw4 said material from rsaid'bii'i into said one f chamber,:

(f) further Aswitches operative subsequent tothe move- Y v vment of said one l.switch to sa'idfone position to cause the first-named valves to' direct the flow ot'A air in said system into; said-onel chamber to-y raise the #Pressura'thereinf I. t

(g') aiturther, ,pressurefgperated valve in said hopper operativevr Vwhen thefpressure in ,said one chamber hasreajched a value -greatei than'the pressurein f said otherl `chambengto admit said Vrmaterial from jv 'said one chamber to 'said otherr chamber,y and (h) means' for selectively f" exhausting said material ffl ffrm said other:chan'abertothe interiorofthe casing f l0. Apparatus :as dened iin. claim 9' Whereinr (Li).` said one; switch. is Va" pres'sureswitch `.normally disposed in a' position opposite to said vorievposition whenthepres'sur'e in said other chamber is below a predetermined'value,and Ais movable automatically (c) an electrical,j circuit forselectively controlling the i to said one position when the last-named pressure reaches said predetermined value, and

(b) said one switch is operative, when in said opposite position, to cause said first-named valves to direct the flow of air in said system into said other chamber to raise the pressure therein to said predetermined value.

11. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein said further switches include a pressure switch operative, when the pressure in said one chamber has reached a certain value above the pressure in said other chamber, to cause said valves to interrupt the ow of air in said system into said other chamber.

12. Apparatus for forcing fluid material into a hollow container comprising (a) a bin into which the fluid material is dumped,

(b) a first compartment below said bin and connectable with said bin,

(c) a rst normally-closed check valve controlling connection of said first compartment and said bin and adapted to be opened upon creation of suction in said first compartment, and to be closed when said first compartment is under pressure,

(d) a second compartment below said first compartment and connectable with said first compartment,

(e) a second normally-closed check valve controlling the connection of said first and second compartments, and adapted to be opened, when said first compartment is under greater pressure than said second compartment,

(f) control means for iirst applying suction to said first compartment to open said first check valve and cause the material to 110W under atmospheric pressure from said bin into said rst compartment and for then applying pressure to said rst compartment greater than the pressure in said second compartment to close said first valve and to open said second valve, to cause the material to flow from said rst compartment into said second compartment, and

(g) means for applying pressure to said second compartment while said first compartment is under pressure to force the material out of said second compartment through an exhaust port therein into the container.

13. The method of stuffing a sausage casing with a fluid meat emulsion, comprising (a) placing a supply of meat emulsion in a container which is at atmospheric pressure,

(b) creating a vacuum in a compartment which communicates with said container to draw said emulsion from said container into said compartment, and simultaneously to evacuate air from said emulsion,

(c) sealing said compartment and thereafter increasing the pressure therein to a value above atmospheric pressure to force said emulsion from said compartment to a further compartment which communicates with the first-named compartment,

(d) thereafter sealing said further compartment, and

(e) then discharging said emulsion from said further compartment into a sausage casing while maintaining the pressure in said further compartment at a value above atmospheric pressure.

14. Apparatus for stutiing fluid material into a hollow casing, comprising (a) a housing having at least two chambers therein,

(b) means for supplying uid material under pressure to said housing,

(c) a first, normally-closed check valve mounted in said housing and movable to an open position to admit fluid material from said supply means to one of said chambers, when the pressure in said one chamber is below the pressure in said supply means,

(d) means operable intermittently to maintain the pressure in the other of said two chambers above the pressure in said supply means,

(e) means operable between operations of the secondnamed means successively to lower the pressure in said one chamber below the pressure in said supply means, and to increase the pressure in said one chamber above the pressure in said other chamber,

(f) a second, normally-closed check valve mounted in said housing and movable to an open position to allow the fluid material in said one chamber to pass into said other chamber, when the pressure in said one chamber is greater than the pressure in said other chamber,

(g) a normally closed, manually operable valve associated with said housing and movable to an open position to connect said other chamber to the interior of the casing which is to be stuffed, and

(h) control means operative automatically to actuate said second-named means each time the pressure in said other chamber falls below a predetermined value.

15. Apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein said control means includes means operable manually to actuate the third-named means independently of said second-named means.

16. Apparatus for stufing a fluid material from a supply thereof into a hollow casing, comprising (a) a hopper having therein a sealed compartment,

(b) means for feeding uid material from a supply thereof into said compartment,

(c) vacuum means operable intermittently to reduce the pressure in said compartment to a value below atmospheric pressure, and

(d) means for discharging said fluid material from said compartment to a hollow casing, including (e) a normally closed, pressure-responsive valve set to open, when the pressure in said compartment reaches a predetermined value 'above atmospheric pressure, and

(f) compressed air means operative in the intervals between operation of said vacuum means to increase the pressure in said compartment until it reaches said predetermined value above atmospheric pres-` References Cited bythe Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS l/31 Polson et al. 137--575 X 3/ 63 Schnell 17-35 SAMUEL KOREN, Primary Examiner.

LUCIE H. LAUDENSLAGER, Examiner. 

16. APPARATUS FOR STUFFING A FLUID MATERIAL FROM A SUPPLY THEREOF INTO A HOLLOW CASING, COMPRISING (A) A HOPPER HAVING THEREIN A SEALED COMPARTMENT, (B) MEANS FOR FEEDING FLUID MATERIAL FROM A SUPPLY THEREOF INTO SAID COMPARTMENT, (C) VACUUM MEANS OPERABLE INTERMITTENTLY TO REDUCE THE PRESSURE IN SAID COMPARTMENT TO A VALUE BELOW ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AND (D) MEANS FOR DISCHARGING SAID FLUID MATERIAL FROM SAID COMPARTMENT TO A HOLLOW CASING, INCLUDING (E) A NORMALLY CLOSED, PRESSURE-RESPSONSIVE VALVE SET TO OPEN, WHEN THE PRESSURE IN SAID COMPARTMENT REACHES A PREDETERMINED VALUE ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AND (F) COMPRESSED AIR MEANS OPERATIVE IN THE INTERVALS BETWEEN OPERATION OF SAID VACUUM MEANS TO INCREASE 